SQL LIKE & Wildcards
The LIKE
operator is used to search for patterns in text. It works with wildcards to match partial strings.
🔹 Wildcards You Can Use
Wildcard | Meaning |
---|---|
% | Matches zero or more characters |
_ | Matches exactly one character |
🔹 Examples with LIKE
-- Starts with 'A'
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE name LIKE 'A%';
-- Ends with 'n'
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE name LIKE '%n';
-- Contains 'ar'
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE name LIKE '%ar%';
-- Second letter is 'e'
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE name LIKE '_e%';
-- 5-letter names only
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE name LIKE '_____';
🔹 Case Sensitivity
- MySQL:
LIKE
is case-insensitive by default (depends on collation) - PostgreSQL / SQL Server / Oracle: Usually case-sensitive
- Use
ILIKE
in PostgreSQL for case-insensitive match
- Use
🧠 Quick Recap
Pattern | Matches Example |
---|---|
'J%' | John, Jack, Jenny |
'%son' | Jason, Nelson |
'__a%' | Anna, Sara, Mark |
'_____' | Any 5-letter name |
✅ Great for flexible searches like names, emails, and codes