CSS Responsive Design

Why Responsive Design?

Responsive design ensures your website looks great on all screen sizes — mobile, tablet, and desktop — without creating separate sites.

🔹 Media Queries

Use media queries to apply styles conditionally based on screen size.

✅ Syntax:

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .tutorials-card {
    flex-direction: column;
  }
}

Common breakpoints:

/* Mobile */
@media (max-width: 480px) {}

/* Tablets */
@media (max-width: 768px) {}

/* Desktops */
@media (min-width: 1024px) {}

You can also target device orientation:

@media (orientation: portrait) {}

🔹 Responsive Units

Prefer relative units like %, em, rem, vw, vh over px:

✅ Example:

.container {
  width: 100%;
  padding: 2vw;
  font-size: 1.2rem;
}

🔹 Mobile-First Strategy

Start by writing base styles for mobile, then scale up using media queries.

/* Base styles: mobile */
.tutorials-section {
  padding: 1rem;
  font-size: 1rem;
}

/* Tablet and up */
@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .tutorials-section {
    padding: 2rem;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
  }
}

🖼️ Responsive Images

Make images scale with the layout and load the right version:

✅ CSS-only:

img {
  max-width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  display: block;
}

✅ HTML Responsive Image:

htmlCopyEdit<picture>
  <source media="(max-width: 768px)" srcset="img-small.jpg">
  <source media="(min-width: 769px)" srcset="img-large.jpg">
  <img src="img-large.jpg" alt="Responsive image">
</picture>

🔄 Fluid Layouts

Avoid fixed widths. Use max-width, percentages, and flexible grid systems.

.tutorials-container {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 1240px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 1rem;
}

For grids:

.tutorials-card-group {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr));
  gap: 1.5rem;
}

✅ Summary Covered

• Media queries with breakpoints
• Responsive CSS units
• Mobile-first strategy
• Responsive images via <picture> and CSS
• Fluid layouts using flexible containers and CSS Grid