How to Create a Directory for Oracle Export/Import: A Step-by-Step Guide

In Oracle, a directory object is a vital database object that provides a reference to a filesystem directory on the server. It is primarily used for file storage and retrieval during export and import operations, especially with Oracle Data Pump utilities (expdp and impdp).

Why Do We Need a Directory?

Using a directory object is essential for several reasons:

• Secure Access: It allows Oracle Database to access the filesystem securely and prevents arbitrary access.
• Controlled Permissions: Directory objects help manage and restrict access, ensuring that Data Pump operations can only use specific directories.

Steps to Create a Directory for Oracle Export/Import

1. Create a Physical Directory on the Server

First, create a physical directory on the server where Oracle can store export and import files:

mkdir /path/to/directory

2. Set Directory Permissions

Ensure the Oracle user has the necessary read and write permissions for the directory:

chown oracle:oinstall /path/to/directory  
chmod 755 /path/to/directory

• Replace /path/to/directory with the actual path where the directory is created.
• Ensure that the oracle user (or the user running the database) has sufficient access.

3. Create a Directory Object in the Database

Use the CREATE DIRECTORY command to create a directory object in the Oracle Database. This object links the database to the physical directory:

CREATE DIRECTORY directory_name AS '/path/to/directory';

• Replace directory_name with a meaningful name for the directory object.
• Replace /path/to/directory with the full path of the physical directory created in step 1.

4. Grant Permissions on the Directory Object

Grant appropriate permissions on the directory object to the users who will perform export/import operations:

GRANT READ, WRITE ON DIRECTORY directory_name TO username;

• Replace directory_name with the name of the directory object created in step 3.
• Replace username with the user(s) who need access. For example, to grant permissions to the SYS user or all users (PUBLIC), use:

GRANT READ, WRITE ON DIRECTORY directory_name TO SYS, PUBLIC;

Important Notes

• Use meaningful names for directory objects to maintain clarity and organization.
• Adjust filesystem and database permissions to comply with your organization’s security policies. Avoid granting permissions to PUBLIC unless absolutely necessary.
• Ensure the physical directory is accessible and remains consistent throughout its use in export/import operations.

Conclusion

Creating a directory for Oracle export/import is a straightforward but essential process. It provides a secure and manageable way to handle files during Data Pump operations. By following these steps, you can ensure that your export/import workflows are efficient, secure, and reliable.